![the who stuttering song the who stuttering song](https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/51LqLryU1SL._SX346_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg)
![the who stuttering song the who stuttering song](https://i.etsystatic.com/5454939/r/il/f1dda8/2041345182/il_570xN.2041345182_ipiw.jpg)
This review seeks to highlight the different treatment options to help guide the practicing clinician in the treatment of stuttering.Ĭhildhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering) is defined by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), fifth edition (V), as a disturbance in the normal fluency and time pattern of speech that is inappropriate for the individual’s age and persists over time. In addition, VMAT-2 inhibitors alter dopamine transmission in a unique mechanism of action that offers a promising treatment avenue in stuttering.
![the who stuttering song the who stuttering song](https://ahchealthenewscdn.azureedge.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Can-music-help-overcome-stuttering.jpg)
D1 antagonists possess different side-effect profiles than D2 antagonist medications and may provide a unique option for those who stutter. A newer medication with a novel mechanism of action, selective D1 antagonism, is currently being investigated in FDA trials for the treatment of stuttering. In recent years, advances in the neurophysiology of stuttering have helped further guide pharmacological treatment. Stuttering shares many similarities to Tourette’s Syndrome in that both begin in childhood, follow a similar male to female ratio of 4:1, respond to dopamine antagonists, and symptomatically worsen with dopamine agonists. A growing body of evidence suggests that dopamine antagonist medications are effective in reducing the severity of stuttering symptoms. Stuttering is a DSM V psychiatric condition for which there are no FDA-approved medications for treatment.